Aliran-aliran pemikiran anarkis

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Anarkisme
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Teori Praktik Anarki Anarchist Black Cross Anasionalisme Anti-otoritarianisme Antimilitarisme Kelompok afinitas Blok hitam Masyarakat tanpa kelas Perjuangan kelas Komune Demokrasi konsensus Penentang sadar Kontra-ekonomi Desentralisasi Ekologi dalam Aksi langsung Demokrasi langsung Kekuasaan ganda Especifismo Anarkisme ekspropriatif Asosiasi bebas Cinta bebas Sekolah bebas Pikiran bebas Horizontalidad Ilegalisme Individualisme Reklamasi individual Isokrasi Hukum Bantuan sesama Politik partisipatoris Zona otonom permanen Politik partisipatoris Internasionalisme proletarian Propaganda perbuatan Penolakan kerja Revolusi Peliaran kembali Kepemilikan diri Pusat sosial Ekologi sosial Penyisipan sosial Terapi Soma Tatanan spontan Squatting Temporary Autonomous Zone Serikat egois
Tokoh Émile Armand Mikhail Bakunin Alexander Berkman Alfredo M. Bonanno Murray Bookchin Noam Chomsky Buenaventura Durruti Sébastien Faure Mahatma Gandhi William Godwin Emma Goldman Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia Peter Kropotkin Gustav Landauer Ricardo Flores Magón Nestor Makhno Errico Malatesta Louise Michel Johann Most Rudolf Rocker Murray Rothbard Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Diego Abad de Santillán Lysander Spooner Max Stirner Henry David Thoreau Leo Tolstoy Benjamin Tucker Volin Colin Ward Josiah Warren John Zerzan
Permasalahan Anarko-kapitalisme Kripto-anarkisme Hak asasi hewan Kapitalisme Pendidikan Kritik Islam Gaya hidup Marxisme Nasionalisme Yudaisme Ortodoks Agama Cinta dan seks Kekerasan
Sejarah Komune Paris Revolusi Cantonal Kongres Hague Konferensi Internasional Roma Trial of the Thirty Kerusuhan Haymarket May Day UU Pengecualian Anarkis Kongres Amsterdam Minggu Tragis Insiden Kōtoku Manifesto Enam Belas Anarkisme individualis di Amerika Serikat Pengeboman Amerika Serikat 1919 Biennio Rosso Revolusi Jerman 1918–19 Republik Dewan Bavarian Pemberontakan Kronstadt Revolusi Rusia Ketiga Teritori Bebas Insiden Amakasu Escuela Moderna Anarkisme individualis di Eropa (di Prancis) Revolusi Spanyol May Day Barcelona Segitiga merah terbalik Koleksi Labadie Mei 1968 Provo LIP Perpustakaan Kate Sharpley Seratus Tahun Anarkis Australia Karnaval Melawan Kapital 1999 Seattle WTO protests Gerakan Occupy
Budaya Film Pameran buku anarkis Anarko-punk Seni Penyulitan budaya Budaya DIY Freeganisme Hip hop Independent Media Center Infoshop The Internationale Anarkisme Yahudi "Tanah dan Kebebasan" Gaya hidup "No gods, no masters" Pendidikan populer "Property is theft!" Pemandu sorak radikal Enviromentalisme radikal Red and Anarchist Skinheads Squatting Simbolisme Glosarium A las Barricadas
Ekonomi Komunisasi Koperasi Cost the limit of price Demokrasi ekonomi Pemisahan diri ekonomi Gift economy Give-away shop Abolisionisme pasar Pemogokan massal Bantuan sesama Ekonomi partisipatoris Really Really Free Market Sosialisasi Perbudakan upah Manajemen mandiri pekerja
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Daftar Band anarko-punk Komunitas Karakter fiksional Anarkis Yahudi Cinta dan seks Musisi Organisasi Terbitan berkala Penyair Anarkis Rusia Film
Topik terkait Antikapitalisme Antikorporatisme Antikonsumerisme Antifasisme Antiglobalisasi Antistatisme Antiperang Autarkisme Otonomisme Komunisme Gerakan buruh Komunisme kiri Libertarianisme Sosialisme libertarian Marxisme libertarian Marxisme Situasionis Internasional Sosialisme Tatanan spontan
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Anarkisme adalah filsafat politik yang menyatakan bahwa kelas pemerintahan^[1] dan negara bersifat tidak diinginkan, tidak penting, dan berbahaya;^[2][3] dalam definisi lain, anarkisme melawan otoritas dan organisasi hierarkis dalam perilaku hubungan antarmanusia.^{[4][5][6][7][8][9]}

Pendukung anarkisme, yang disebut anarkis, mendukung masyarakat tanpa negara yang didasarkan pada perhimpunan sukarela^[10][11] non-hierarkis.^[4][12][13] Akan tetapi, berbagai aliran pemikiran anarkis dapat berbeda-beda secara mendasar, mulai dari individualisme ekstrem hingga kolektivisme penuh.^[3] Biasanya, berbagai aliran ini dibagi menjadi kategori dualistik, seperti anarkisme sosial atau anarkisme individualis; juga termasuk anarkisme hijau dan anarkisme pascakiri.^[14][15]

Anarkisme adalah sebuah ideologi sayap kiri jauh.^[16][17] Kebanyakan filsafat ekonomi dan hukum anarkis berdasar pada interpretasi-interpretasi anti-otoritarian, antinegara, dan libertarian terhadap sistem politik sayap kiri radikal dan sosialis seperti antara lain komunisme, kolektivisme, pasar bebas, individualisme, mutualisme, partisipisme dan sindikalisme, termasuk juga filsafat-filsafat sosialis libertarian lainnya.^[18] Pada titik tertentu, "aliran-aliran pemikiran kolektivis, komunis, dan liberal dan individual yang menjadi hulu inspirasi kaum anarkis mulai menciptakan tegangan dan pemisahan antara aliran-aliran anarkis yang berbeda."^[19]

Antropolog David Graeber mencatat bahwa sementara kebanyakan aliran-aliran pemikiran Marxis selalu memiliki pencetus (seperti Leninisme, Trotskyisme dan Maoisme), aliran-aliran pemikiran anarkisme "hampir selalu muncul dari sejenis prinsip atau praktik organisasional". Sebagai contoh, ia mengedepankan anarkosindikalisme, anarkisme individualis, serta platformisme.^[20]

1. ^ Walt, Lucien Van der; Schmidt, Michael (2009). Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism. ISBN 978-1-904859-16-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 March 2021. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2020.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
2. ^ Malatesta, Errico. "Towards Anarchism". MAN!. Los Angeles: International Group of San Francisco. OCLC 3930443. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2018.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) Agrell, Siri (2007-05-14). "Working for The Man". The Globe and Mail. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-05-16. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-14.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) "Anarchism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 December 2006. Diakses tanggal 2006-08-29.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) "Anarchism". The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: 14. 2005. Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable.  The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Mclaughlin, Paul (2007). Anarchism and Authority. Aldershot: Ashgate. hlm. 59. ISBN 978-0-7546-6196-2.  Johnston, R. (2000). The Dictionary of Human Geography. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. hlm. 24. ISBN 0-631-20561-6. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Slevin, Carl. "Anarchism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003.
4. ^ ^{a b} "The IAF – IFA fights for : the abolition of all forms of authority whether economical, political, social, religious, cultural or sexual". "Principles of The International of Anarchist Federations". Diarsipkan 2012-01-05 di Wayback Machine.
5. ^ "Anarchism, then, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations". Emma Goldman. "What it Really Stands for Anarchy" in Anarchism and Other Essays.
6. ^ Anarkis individual Benjamin Tucker menggambarkan anarkisme sebagai oposisi terhadap otoritas, sebagaimana ia tulis: "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, — follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism...Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of the socialism off Karl Marx". Benjamin Tucker. Individual Liberty Diarsipkan 3 May 2012 di Wayback Machine..
7. ^ Ward, Colin (1966). "Anarchism as a Theory of Organization". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 March 2010. Diakses tanggal 1 March 2010. 
8. ^ Sejarawan anarkis, George Woodcock, menggambarkan antiotoritarianisme dan perlawanan Mikhail Bakunin terhadap bentuk otoritas negara dan nonnegara seperti ini: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it". (p. 9) "[...] Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State".
9. ^ Brown, L. Susan (2002). "Anarchism as a Political Philosophy of Existential Individualism: Implications for Feminism". The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism and Anarchism. Black Rose Books Ltd. Publishing. hlm. 106. 
10. ^ "ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man’s natural social tendencies". George Woodcock. "Anarchism" at The Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
11. ^ "In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions". "Anarchism" Diarsipkan 6 January 2012 di Wayback Machine.. Peter Kropotkin. The Encyclopædia Britannica.
12. ^ "That is why Anarchy, when it works to destroy authority in all its aspects, when it demands the abrogation of laws and the abolition of the mechanism that serves to impose them, when it refuses all hierarchical organization and preaches free agreement — at the same time strives to maintain and enlarge the precious kernel of social customs without which no human or animal society can exist". Peter Kropotkin. "Anarchism: its philosophy and ideal" Diarsipkan 18 March 2012 di Wayback Machine..
13. ^ "Anarchists are opposed to irrational (e.g., illegitimate) authority, in other words, hierarchy — hierarchy being the institutionalisation of authority within a society". Diarsipkan 15 June 2012 di Wayback Machine. Diarsipkan 15 June 2012 di Wayback Machine. "B.1 Why are anarchists against authority and hierarchy?" in An Anarchist FAQ.
14. ^ Ostergaard, Geoffrey. "Anarchism". The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought. Blackwell Publishing. p. 14.
15. ^ Kropotkin, Peter (2002). Anarchism: A Collection of Revolutionary Writings. Courier Dover Publications. hlm. 5. ISBN 0-486-41955-X. R.B. Fowler (1972). "The Anarchist Tradition of Political Thought". Western Political Quarterly. University of Utah. 25 (4): 738–752. doi:10.2307/446800. JSTOR 446800. 
16. ^ Brooks, Frank H. (1994). The Individualist Anarchists: An Anthology of Liberty (1881–1908). Transaction Publishers. hlm. xi. ISBN 1-56000-132-1. Usually considered to be an extreme left-wing ideology, anarchism has always included a significant strain of radical individualism, from the hyperrationalism of Godwin, to the egoism of Stirner, to the libertarians and anarcho-capitalists of today .
17. ^ Kahn, Joseph (2000). "Anarchism, the Creed That Won't Stay Dead; The Spread of World Capitalism Resurrects a Long-Dormant Movement". The New York Times (5 August). Colin Moynihan (2007). "Book Fair Unites Anarchists. In Spirit, Anyway". New York Times (16 April). 
18. ^ "The anarchists were unanimous in subjecting authoritarian socialism to a barrage of severe criticism. At the time when they made violent and satirical attacks these were not entirely well founded, for those to whom they were addressed were either primitive or "vulgar" communists, whose thought had not yet been fertilized by Marxist humanism, or else, in the case of Marx and Engels themselves, were not as set on authority and state control as the anarchists made out". Daniel Guerin, Anarchism: From Theory to Practice Diarsipkan 6 April 2020 di Wayback Machine. (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970).
19. ^ Mark Bevir (ed). Encyclopedia of Political Theory. SAGE. Los Angeles. 2010. p. 34.
20. ^ David Graeber and Andrej Grubacic, "Anarchism, Or The Revolutionary Movement Of The Twenty-first CenturyDiarsipkan 17 March 2008 di Wayback Machine.", ZNet. Retrieved 13 December 2007.